Way down deep

Another way to break down

hen yeast secretory proteins are improperly folded, the ER quality control system directs them into the HRD/DER pathway, which targets the proteins for degradation. Blocking the HRD/DER pathway, however, does not completely stop degradation, implying that there must be an alternative way to destroy misfolded secretory proteins. Haynes et al., reporting on page 91, have now characterized that pa...

Models all the way down

When I entered graduate school in 1984, there was scant serious work in history or philosophy of the modern earth sciences. Excellent scholars had written on Darwin, Lyell and nineteenth century geology, and some of that work heeded earth science qua earth science, but much of it attended to geology only as something that helped to lay the groundwork for an advance in biology: Darwin’s theory o...

Fishing down the deep

A global crisis in marine fisheries was regarded with scepticism by many fisheries scientists as recently as 10 years ago. Today, however, few dispute worrying trends [Pitcher and Pauly 1998; Pitcher 2001; Pauly et al. 2002; Christensen et al. 2003; Hilborn et al. 2003; Pauly and Maclean 2003; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2004]. Historical data from marine ecosystems clearly suggest ...

Dark matter cores all the way down

We use high-resolution simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies to study the physics of dark matter cusp-core transformations at the edge of galaxy formation: M200 = 107–109 M . We work at a resolution (∼4 pcminimumcell size;∼250M per particle) atwhich the impact from individual supernovae explosions can be resolved, becoming insensitive to even large changes in our numerical ‘sub-grid’ parameter...

Foreword: Federalism All the Way Down